Multiple stones in a pediatric case of single-system ureterocele with vesicoureteral reflux

Multiple Stones in a Single-System Ureterocele in a Child

Presence of multiple calculi in ureterocele is rare in children. A 6-year-old boy presented with hematuria in whom on x-ray and ultrasound multiple calculi were noted in the urinary bladder. At surgery a ureterocele containing multiple calculi was found. The postoperative (99m) Tc-Dimercaptosuccinic acid scan (DMSA) reported normal renal function.

Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis with Grade 4 Vesicoureteral Reflux in a Child with Single Kidney

  Introduction Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) is a non-uremic defects of urinary acidification. It is characterized by a normal anion gap hyperchloremic  metabolic acidosis; plasma potassium may be normal, low or high-depending on the type of RTA. These syndromes differ from uremic acidosis which is associated with a high anion gap, decreased glomerular filtration with enhanced proton secretion b...

Pediatric vesicoureteral reflux approach and management

Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), the retrograde flow of urine from the bladder toward the kidney, is congenital and often familial. VUR is common in childhood, but its precise prevalence is uncertain. It is about 10–20% in children with antenatal hydronephrosis, 30% in siblings of patient with VUR and 30–40% in children with a proved urinary tract infection (UTI). Ultrasonography is a u...

Cobra-Head Stone in Single-System Ureterocele

Pediatric Vesicoureteral Reflux — Pathophysiology and Treatment Options

Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is the retrograde flow of urine from urinary bladder to the ureter and the kidney. It can be asymptomatic and resolve itself or be associated with urinary tract infections (UTI), leading to pyelonephritis and nephropathy, which may lead to the complications of renal scarring, renal insufficiency, and hypertension. Treatment is guided by grade of reflux and age of the...